ABSTRACT
Objective: The objectives were to assess the frequency of hospital acquired pneumonia [HAP] in patients admitted to intensive care unit [ICU] and to determine the frequencies of different etiological organisms in these patients
Methods: This was descriptive cross sectional study, which was carried out in medical ICU of Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from January 2013 to January 2014, A total of 1866 patients were admitted in the department of medicine including medical ICU. They were evaluated for HAP and the causative organisms were cultured from these patients. Identification was carried out by standard biochemical profile of the organisms
Results: The total number of patients admitted in medical ICU for any reason were 346. HAP was diagnosed in 88 patients [25.4%]
The average age of patients admitted in Medical ICU with HAP was 48 years with the range of 16 to 82 years. 56 were male and 32 females. 42 patients [47.7%] died in medical ICU with HAP. Microbiological analysis showed that Pseudomonas oeruginosa were 27 [30.6%], Adnetobacter spp. Were 12 [13.6%], Candida albicans were 12 [13.6%], Klebsiellapneumoniae were 9 [10.2%], Streptococcus spp. were 9 [10.2%], Escherichia coli were 5 [5.6%], Stenotrophomonas spp. were 4[4.5%], Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] were 4 [4.5%] others organisms 6 [6.8%]
Conclusion: The frequency of HAP in Medical ICU of our hospital is 88 out of 346 [25.4%]. The commonest organism identified was Pseudomonas aeruginosa [30.6%] followed by Adnetobacter and Candida albican [13.6% each]
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD] patients. We conducted cross sectional study between June 2008 to April 2009 in Department of Chest Medicine, Jinnah Hospital Karachi. All adult patients presenting with sign and symptoms of COPD confirmed by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] criteria giving informed consent following inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively included. The primary outcome of the study was prevalence of depression measured through Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D]. The score was classified into 10-13= mild; 14-17= moderate and >17 = severe. The sample size was [n=63]. The mean age of the sample was 60.87 +/- 10.93 years. There were 50 [80%] males and13 [20%] females. The severity of COPD in 6 [9.52%] patients was mild, 22 [35.02] moderate, 27 [42.90] severe and 8 [12.70%] were very severe. The mild to moderate depression was found in 10 [15%] of patients. We found that ten [15%] of COPD patients were also suffering from depression. It is lower than what international studies have shown. We recommend that all COPD patients should also be screened for depression in order to reduce the morbidity associated with depression and COPD